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甘肅高中英語語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)全歸納，掃清高語法難點(diǎn)

甘肅高中英語語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)全歸納，掃清高語法難點(diǎn)！

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高中英語語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)全歸納，掃清高語法難點(diǎn)！

01.定語從句

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who（賓格whom），所有格whose）和關(guān)系副詞 where when why 等，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，關(guān)系代詞that，which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語，whose在從句中作定語，而關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。如：

①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.

②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.

解析：在句①中，表示時(shí)間的名詞the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z，所以用關(guān)系副詞when來代指，引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞the days；

而在句②中，表示時(shí)間的名詞the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿?dòng)詞spent的賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來代指。

同樣，表示地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞where 或why來代指；如果在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語，則用which或that來代替。如：

①This is the factory where/in which I worked.（作狀語）

②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.（作賓語）

注：當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason, place時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。如：

①This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.

②That is the reason (why) I did it.

③This is the place (where) we met yesterday.

另外，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致。如：

①M(fèi)r. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.

②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.

解析：在句①中，先行詞foreigner被only修飾，強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個(gè)，所以從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，而在句②中，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the students，為復(fù)數(shù)，所以從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。

02.名詞性從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

（一）that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句

定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，“……的名詞”，而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞，如：

fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。

That在定語從句中必須作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。如：

①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.

②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.

解析：在句①中，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容，that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用，而在句②中，that在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語，對先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。

（二）名詞性從句中，關(guān)于it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1) 名詞性從句作主語或賓語時(shí)，為保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如：

It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.（形式主語）

We think it possible that you can finish the job today.（形式賓語）

2）謂語動(dòng)詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love,

make等接由if或when 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)往往在從句前加上形式賓語it. 例如：

I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.

3）動(dòng)詞hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引導(dǎo)的病因從句式，往往在從句前加形式賓語it. 例如：

① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.

② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.

4）短語動(dòng)詞answer for, count on depend on, insist on,

see to等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，必須冠以形式賓語it. 例如：① I’m counting on it that you will come. ② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead. 注：作形式主語和形式賓語時(shí)只能用it.

03.代詞it、one、that的用法與區(qū)別

One泛指，指代前面提到的那類人或物，用于指代可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語，否則就要用some.

That（those復(fù)數(shù)）即可指代不可數(shù)名詞，表特指，相當(dāng)于the+名詞，后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語連用。 It指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞，表示同類同物，另外還可表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞，表示性別身份不明，可作形式主語，形式賓語，引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配，如：get it, catch it, make it.

例如：① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丟了只表，我想我必須再-一只。（代指上文指到的同類事物，但不指同一個(gè)）

② Where is my pen? Have you seen it?

我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了，你見了嗎？（代指上文提到的同一事物） ③ The land of China is larger than that of America.

④ Tome has a red pen and a blue one （或two blue ones）

⑤ He has no child, and he wants toadopt one （或 some）

04.虛擬語氣

I 虛擬語氣在if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.

句子①②都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用，從句中都是假設(shè)過去的情況，所以用過去完成時(shí)，但在主句中，句①依然指代過去的情況，謂語動(dòng)詞是would have done，而②中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語now, 這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況，所以謂語動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形，學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在，從而按句①的形式填寫答案。

Ⅱ虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法

1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中，主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等

例如：① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.

② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.

2. suggest, insist 后面指賓語從句時(shí)需注意的地方

1）①suggest 當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講時(shí)，其后賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形” 例如：He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建議立即動(dòng)工。

類似的動(dòng)詞還有insist堅(jiān)持，demand要求，desire要求、請求，request請求，require要求、需要，order命令，propose建議，command命令，ask要求，advise建議，prefer寧愿等。這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)（如：It is suggested + that主語從句）形式后，主語從句謂語動(dòng)詞仍用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形” 這些動(dòng)詞變名詞（如suggestion）后，其后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

②suggest 當(dāng)“提出（某看法），暗示，啟發(fā)”講時(shí)，其后賓語從句的動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語氣。例如：（1）The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member

警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。

（2）Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。

（3）Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.雖然他沒提出我們應(yīng)該終止游過這條河的決定，但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯(cuò)誤的。

A：stop; wasB: should stop; be

C: stopped ;wasD: stopped; should be

在這個(gè)句子中，前一個(gè)suggest當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講，而后一個(gè)作“表明”講，所以答案為“A”

2）①insist作“堅(jiān)決要求…該…；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…定要…”講時(shí)，其后賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

例如：I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里去

②insist 作“堅(jiān)持（意見，看法）；堅(jiān)持說，確信”講時(shí)，其后從句不用虛擬語氣。

例如：He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他堅(jiān)持說他聽到隔壁屋子里有人。

05.反意疑問句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1.在一般疑問句中，無論肯定的問或是否定的問，如果回答為肯定則用yes，反之則用no.特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義。

①—Are you a new comer?

—Yes, I came here only yesterday.

②—Isn’t Tom a good student?

—Yes, he is excellent.

③—Don’t you think the composition good?

—No, It can’t be any worse.

注意：在②③句中，當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相一致時(shí)，則用No，譯為“是的”，當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相反時(shí)，則用Yes，譯為“不”

2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must

① I must leave now, mustn’t I ?

② He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?（表推測）

③ He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? （表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果）

④He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? （表過去）

當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其反意疑問句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來確定其反問形式。

06.非謂語動(dòng)詞中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

非謂語與其邏輯主語（即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者）之間有三種關(guān)系，如為主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動(dòng)式；如為被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）或不定式的被動(dòng)式（動(dòng)作將進(jìn)行）；如既無主動(dòng)也無被動(dòng)關(guān)系則只能用狀語從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（即非謂語加上自己的邏輯主語）

Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing 指說話者的動(dòng)作，故只用主動(dòng)式。如：

Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.

解析：從這個(gè)句子可以看出，句詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語he一致，并且是主謂關(guān)系，所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語，同時(shí)，分詞的動(dòng)作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完成式。

In order to improve English , ________.

A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.

B. Jenny’s father bought a lot of tapes for herself.

C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.

D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.

解析：根據(jù)不定式短語我們可以推知，句子的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是人而不是物，所以，應(yīng)該排除CD，再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B.

———，we decided to go out for a walk.

A. It is fine B. It fine

C. Being fine D.It being fine

解析：主句主語we與動(dòng)詞短語be fine之間既無主動(dòng)關(guān)系與無被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要加上自己的邏輯主語It，由于不存在主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故不能選C項(xiàng)，而應(yīng)該選D 項(xiàng)。

————more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B.To give C.Giving D. Having giving

解析：give與主句的主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選A.如為主動(dòng)關(guān)系則選C.

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